Daisy Bates Little Rock Arkansas Civil Rights Activist

Daisy Bates is known for her role in supporting the 1957 integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The students who integrated Central High School are known as the  Little Rock Nine. She was a journalist,  journalist, newspaper publisher,  civil rights activist, and social reformer.  She lived from November 11, 1914 to November 4, 1999. Fast Facts: Daisy Bates Also Known As:  Daisy Lee Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson, Daisy Lee Gatson Bates, Daisy Gatson Bates.Born: November 11, 1914.Died: November 4, 1999.Known for: A journalist,  journalist, newspaper publisher,  civil rights activist, and social reformer known for her role in supporting the 1957 integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.Family: Parents: Orlee and Susie Smith, Spouse: L. C. (Lucius Christopher) Bates: insurance agent and journalistEducation: Huttig, Arkansas, public schools (segregated system), Shorter College, Little Rock, Philander Smith College, Little Rock.Organizations and Affiliations: NAACP, Arkansas State Press.Religion: African Methodist Episcopal.Autobiography: The Long Shadow of Little Rock. Life and Overview Daisy Bates was raised in Huttig, Arkansas, by adoptive parents who had been close to her father, who left his family when his wife was murdered by three white men. In 1941, she married L. C. Bates, a friend of her father. L. C. was a journalist, though he worked selling insurance during the 1930s L. C. and Daisy Bates invested in a newspaper, the Arkansas State Press. In 1942, the paper reported on a local case where a black soldier, on leave from Camp Robinson, was shot by a local policeman. An advertising boycott nearly broke the paper, but a statewide circulation campaign increased the readership, and restored its financial viability. School Desegregation in Little Rock In 1952, Daisy Bates became the Arkansas branch president of the NAACP. In 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled racial segregation of schools was unconstitutional, Daisy Bates and others worked to figure out how to integrate the Little Rock Schools. Expecting more cooperation from the administration in integrating the schools than they found, the NAACP and Daisy Bates began working on various plans, and finally, in 1957, had settled on a basic tactic. Seventy-five African American students registered at Little Rocks Central High School. Of these, nine were chosen to actually be the first to integrate the school; they became known as the Little Rock Nine. Daisy Bates was instrumental in supporting these nine students in their action. In September of 1952, Arkansas governor Faubus arranged for the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the African American students from entering Central High School. In response to the action, and to protests of the action, President Eisenhower federalized the guard and sent in federal troops. On September 25, 1952, the nine students entered Central High amid angry protests. The next month, Daisy Bates and others were arrested for not turning over NAACP records. Though Daisy Bates was no longer an officer of the NAACP, she was fined; her conviction was eventually overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court. After the Little Rock Nine Daisy Bates and her husband continued to support the students who had integrated the high school, and endured personal harassment for their actions. By 1959, advertising boycotts led to closing their newspaper. Daisy Bates published her autobiography and account of the Little Rock Nine in 1962; former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt wrote the introduction. L.C. Bates worked for the NAACP from 1960-1971, and Daisy worked for the Democratic National Committee until she was forced to stop by a stroke in 1965. Daisy then worked on projects in Mitchellville, Arkansas, from 1966-1974. L. C. died in 1980, and Daisy Bates started the State Press newspaper again in 1984, as a part owner with two partners. In 1984, the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville awarded Daisy Bates an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Her autobiography was reissued in 1984, and she retired in 1987. In 1996, she carried the Olympic torch in the Atlanta Olympics. Daisy Bates died in 1999.

Drug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes Essay - 1057 Words

Drug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes The topic that I have chosen is student athletes use of drugs and alcohol. Im interested to see if the old theory that student athletes tend to stay away from these things still holds true today. From my own personal experience as a former high school and college football player, I doubt that this is true. Id also like to find some studies that may compare student athletes to the general student body to see if there is a correlation of usage between these two groups. With the many stories of athletes being arrested for alcohol and drug abuse, I feel this information may be helpful in setting up a drug prevention program at the high school or middle school level. Carr et al. (1990)†¦show more content†¦Shields (1998) study looked at the in-season and off-season use of alcohol by high school athletes and also compared it to a similar study done w/ the same population in 1988. Overall, athletes are using alcohol less both in and off-season in the current study compared to 1988. Also they used less alcohol during their in-season than off-season. It was found that white athletes are 2.5 times more likely to use alcohol both in and off-season compared to black athletes. Hayes and Tevis (1977) looked for significant differences or relationships between high school athletes and non-athletes with respect to drinking behaviors and attitudes about alcohol use and abuse. They found non-athletes used alcohol more and were more tolerant of others using it compared to athletes. Overall, males had a more tolerant attitude than females toward temperate and irresponsible use of alcohol. There seemed to be a correlation between attitudes of irre sponsible drinking and who drinks the most, being the more they drank the more tolerant their attitudes were. Overman and Terry (1991) compared the patterns of use and attitudes toward alcohol by college athletes and non-athletes. There was no significant difference between the drinking behaviors of athletes and non-athletes, though athletes did report drinking more beer. Athletes tended to limit drinking to weekends and special occasions, and seemed to think of it more as a celebration.Show MoreRelatedDrug and alcohol violations on college campuses1285 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers and Athlete students are involved with drugs and alcohol more than college students that are not part of Greek life or athletes. As of the peer pressure and the exposure exhibited in their surroundings does have an impact on their use of drugs and alcohol. For most students, they like to go to college to gain new opportunities to experience college life and to experiment with different things. The United States has over 7,000 higher education institutions and over 15 million students (BrainRead MoreMandatory Drug Testing for Student Athletes Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesschools around the country, student athletes are using drugs. â€Å"The percent of students that have drunk alcohol is 72.5% while the number of students who have used marijuana is 36.8%† (Report: Nearly Half of High School Students Using Drugs, Alcohol). The students believe that since they are athletes that they do not need to abide by the rules because they feel more superior and that the narcotic will not hurt or affect them. Implementing random drug tests for athletes will create a positive imageRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On Collegiate Athletic Performance1595 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance According to research and statistics, alcohol is the number one drug used by college students. Most individuals do not label alcohol as a drug due to the way it is consumed, but when considering the negative side effects that accompany alcohol, the comparison of alcohol to drugs may not be that far of a stretch. Alcohol can not only be harmful to an individual’s external health but also their internal health as well. Consumption of alcohol over a long period of time may result in negativeRead MoreHealth And Performance Effects Of Alcohol Use By Intercollegiate / Varsity Athletes1232 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of alcohol use by intercollegiate / Varsity athletes? Alcohol is the most commonly used recreational drug globally and its consumption, often in large volume, is deeply embedded in many aspects of Western society . It is used by members of all societies in countries around the world, either consumed moderately or in excess. University is a place in one’s life when those who have just finished secondary school go to experience a higher quality of education. Some of these students enter universityRead MoreAlcohol Consumption Among Athletes and Non-Athletes Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Consumption Among Athletes and Non-Athletes On college campuses, the consumption of alcohol amongst undergraduate college students continues to be a maladaptive college health behavior. The recreational use of alcohol effects the student population and the health of the students who excessively drink alcohol. The issue caused many research studies to focus on the effect of alcohol consumption based on being an athlete and non-athlete. This study is important because it provides college campusesRead MoreStudent Athletes Are Stereotyped And Academic Performance1407 Words   |  6 Pagesarea student-athletes are stereotyped is academic performance. As part of the dumb jock stereotype, student-athletes are seen as being academically inept. That is not always the case, however, as college athletes can perform at the same or higher level than their nonathlete peers. In a classic study examining athletes’ academic performance, Adler Adler (1985) used participant observation to study a major college basketball program for four years. These scholars found that many athletes actuallyRead MoreAlcohol as an Ergogenic Aid1082 Words   |  5 PagesSaullo Alcohol and Athletics Alcohol, more specifically ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is a depressant that provides 7 kCal of energy per gram, and is the most abused drug for athletes and non-athletes in the United States. Prior to my research on alcohol, I assumed that alcohol abuse was not prevalent among college athletes, outside of the occasional partying that normal college students partake in as well. But according to Lifestyles and Health Risks of Collegiate Athletes, college athletes generallyRead MoreEssay about Pushing Kids to the Limit1549 Words   |  7 Pagesacademically. In many cases, the vast number of sports played by these children is due to the parent’s encouragement, or enforcement. Some parents may enforce after school activities in order to keep their children away from the â€Å"evils of society†: drugs, alcohol, and simply loitering and causing trouble. Unfortunately, at times, the pressure from the parents can have negative effects on the children academically and/or soci ally. Some reasons that parents push their kids so much, could be the small possibilityRead MoreEffect of Sporting Activities on Teenagers1088 Words   |  5 Pagesactive, however, there could be problems that cause these teens to do troublesome and impulsive things such as hanging out with a bad group of friends, fighting with different teams, or using performance-enhancing drugs. Having friends is the best part of being a high school student, but choosing the wrong kind of friends to hang out with could cause trouble in the future. They are at the age of wanting freedom, enjoying time with friends, being adventurous, and having relationships with oppositeRead MoreEssay on Effects of Binge Drinking on College Academics1746 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol use among college students has always been a popular subject among teachers, parents, researchers, and even students. The actual act of drinking alcohol is not necessarily the problem, whether legal or not. The main problem is the act of binge drinking of college students, of age or not. Drinking modest amounts of alcohol may have some consequences, but binge drinking has more negative consequences than normal modest drinking. There are many examples as to the consequences that binge

Criminal Justice Application free essay sample

Learning Theories, Practical application in Criminal Justice High tech offenders can come in all different shapes and sizes, as well as flavors. You can have the guy who works as an accountant for a multi international corporation, that’s quietly syphoning money from various accounts into his own offshore retirement fund account. How about the local DMV employee Trish who’s submitting falsified information to get ID’s for various amounts of cash. For minors, illegal aliens, or say that Russian wet work team that snuck into the country and doesn’t have any identification but needs some with clean records attached, to keep local authorities away in case of any indiscretions that might happen like running a red light. Let’s not forget about little Barbra who graduated from a tech school as a computer systems analyst, who pays for her lavish lifestyle by hacking into people’s personal computers and stealing all their personal information. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice Application or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So she can drain their bank accounts, and get credit cards in their names to pay for anything and everything she desires. Each of these criminals has some reason and explanation behind why they ended up committing such crimes. Three theories I have chosen to explain their actions are the Learning Theory, Differential Identification Theory, and the Attachment theory. The learning theory says that criminal behavior comes about through the acquisition of norms, values, and patterns of behaviors conducive to crime. Also stating that criminal behavior is not an innate characteristic in any given individual but a product of the social environment. This theory can best explain the actions of the corrupt account. Say for instance the accountant had a great childhood and young adult life, never got into trouble at school or with the law, had impeccable grades, and was a very honest person. Such an upbringing doesn’t generate a criminal. However if when this individual was struggling midway through his accounting degree in college and started associating with people who was cheating their way through school, through this association the well brought up individual became swayed and accepting of dishonest behavior, first step in the criminal direction. The second step being that when he went over the files of his predecessor in the company, he found subtle bits of information the showed money had been syphoned. Curious about the information he speaks with his predecessor and learns about what was going on and is eager to learn how he can do the same, seeing as how the company pays decent but not enough to support his needs and wants in life. The differential identification theory can relate to the crooked dmv clerk. In theory, one will identify themself with another person, the identification with that person, or an abstract understanding of what that person might be like, can be more important then actual association with a real person. The dmv clerk, Trish, may be going through a financially hard time due to a down economy, or just plain greedy. Trish happens to be a big fan of a popular television, were the lead female character lives a dream lifestyle in her personal life due to her illegal under the table dealings in her day time job, that tend to be very profitable. The clerk looks at the fiction character as a role model, and identifies with her. Sparking the desire to be just like her, leading to her illegal dealings at the dmv. Lastly is the Attachment Theory, a perspective on criminal behavior that holds that the successful development of secure attachment between a child and its primary caregiver, lays the foundation for all future psychological development. Barbra, our computer hacking, and identity stealing/cloning individual just so happened to be an adapted child. Consequently her adaptive parents when through a divorce when she was 4. So, her father, who was rarely around, raised her souly and when he was he was abusive. They didn’t have much since her father spent most of the money on computer equipment or in the bars. His only positive influence was teaching her all about computers and programing. This foundation was in accordance to the attachment theory, the leading factor in Barbra’s criminal activity as an adult.

The Body Mass Index Essay Example

The Body Mass Index Paper The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a ratio between the height and weight of a person, calculated by the weight of the person (in kilograms) by their height squared (in metres). Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) is considered to be the factor that signals female fertility and health. This is because healthy, premenstrual women deposit fat on their lower body parts resulting in a feminine characteristic, whereas males deposit fat on their upper body parts. When considering the influence of WHR, alone, on attractiveness lower values of the WHR are considered to be more attractive, with values between 0.6-0. 7 being maximally attractive. Attractiveness is not only based upon the WHR but also on the BMI. Females with very low BMI values (underweight) and very high BMI values (overweight) are considered to be unattractive, with the middle of the BMI value range considered to be attractive and healthy. However, it is that influences of both these factors have upon the perception of attractiveness that has lead to research. Many experiments have been conducted in order to understand which of these two contributing factors are more important in the perception of female attractiveness. Findings by Devendra Singh (1994) conclude that both men and women judged heavier female images with low WHRs as more attractive and healthier than thinner images with higher WHRs. These results show that both the WHR and BMI are considerable contributing factors to the perception of attractiveness. The ideal image has stemmed many other research ideas and it has been found that women chose thin female figures as ideal and perceive their own figure as fatter than the ideal (Fallon and Rozin 1985, cited in Singh 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, women choose their ideal figure to be much thinner than what they believe to be mens perception of attractive (Fallon and Rozin 1985, cited in Singh 1994). Studies have lead to the assumption that the WHR and BMI influence different aspects of images that all amalgamate into the perception of how attractive that image is. BMI seems to be more influential in the perception of youthfulness (Singh 1994) and studies have found that WHR could be related to fertility and the tendency to give birth to males, rather than females (Tovee Cornelissen, 1999). Previous studies have indicated that the BMI is the more influential factor in the perception of attractiveness accounting for more than 70% of the multiple regression analysis where WHR accounts for just 2%. This would suggest that the result of this experiment would be similar and that BMI is the more important contributing factor. However, as mentioned previously, Singh (1994) concluded that women judge perception of attractiveness taking into account the WHR more than the BMI. It has been suggested that in modern society a premium has been placed on thinness and thus it has resulted in the general assumption that thin is attractive. This has certainly been the case in more Westernized civilisations where low WHR is preferred. However, in more traditional societies a higher WHR is preferred as higher WHR is related to the reproduction of sons. So, in societies that value sons over daughters a more tubular shaped women is preferred. This may also be due to the medias representation of attractive, which in many societies is thin, thus partly explaining the obsession with dieting and the struggle to become thin. This brings notice to the problems of eating disorders and how they affect an individuals perception of attractiveness. Morris et al (1989) found that over a 20 year period (1959-1978) the weight of Miss America Pageant contestants and Playboy centrefolds significantly decreased. However, it was also found that average waist size increased and bust and hip size decreased, resulting in a more tubular shaped woman. The overall conclusion was that over the last three decades a significant change in the idealized female body shape has occurred. However, later studies showed that Morris et al results were inaccurate and that when the actual WHRs were computed they remained within a feminine 0. 68-0. 72 range thus, clearly showing that the subjects were not becoming a more tubular shape (Singh 1994). Hypothesis: BMI will be significantly more important than WHR in determining the attractiveness of a female body. Null Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference between the BMI and WHR in determining the attractiveness of the female body Method Apparatus: The only apparatus involved was the actual computer programme. The computer programme involved a number of images of the shape of the female body. These images were in black and white and the figure wore a skin tight leotard. The faces were blurred out so there was no bias in the attractiveness of the facial features. Subjects: The entire psychology class took place in the experiment. The gender of the group was mixed. Although a large proportion of the class was female. The age of the stage two students was predominantly between 19-22 years of age. They were nai ve in the intended outcome of the study at this point. Procedure: The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio were being investigated. The subjects were presented with a series of 50 female images in front view on a VDU screen. The images varied in Body Mass Index and in waist-to-hip ratio. The subjects were then asked to rate each image on a scale of 0-9, typing their rating into the computer. The first time the subjects went through a practice run so that they could gage their general idea for the ratings. The second time the results were counted and saved, and pooled together with the rest of the classs results.

imperialism in egypt essays

imperialism in egypt essays Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following WW II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile River in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growingly population (the largest in the Arab world) will continue to stress Egyptian society and overtax resources as the country enters the new millennium. Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip Area comparative Slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94% (official estimate), Coptic Christian and other 6% (official estimate) Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European 1% Gross domestic product (total value of goods and services produced annually) $267.1 billion (1997 est.) Exports $5.1 billion, primarily crude oil and petroleum products, cotton yarn, raw cotton, textiles, metal products, Imports $15.5 billion, primarily machinery and equipment, foods, fertilizers, wood products, durable Egypt is probably the worlds oldest civilizations having emerged from the Nile Valley around 3,100 years ago, historically. Before ruled by the Egyptian Pharaohs, Egypt had five time eras: The Lower Paleolithic era, lasting from approximately 2 Million - 100000 BC; The Middle Paleolithic era, from 100000 - 30000 BC; The Upper Paleolithic era, from 30000 - 10000 BC; The Epipaleolithic era, from 10000 - 5500 BC; The Predynastic Period, from 5500 - 3100 BC. After this transition, the ruling of Egyptian Dynasties by Pharaohs began to rule the vast desserts of Egypt from 2920 BC to 332 BC. After Dynasties of Pharaohs, Egypt was under Greek rule and Alexandria obtained its name after its ruler, Alexander III. Sit...

Order Professional Help Annotated Bibliography Examples

Order Professional Help Annotated Bibliography Examples Annotated bibliography is a combination of the research materials citations and their summaries. It is one of the elements of a good APA, MLA or Chicago style paper. If you are searching for the examples of annotated bibliography here is a collection of samples of annotated bibliography: Chicago Style, MLA, APA. If you dont have time to write it on your own, you may read: HOW TO BUY ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ONLINE What is an Annotated Bibliography? An annotated bibliography is a list of research materials - books, articles, and documents  - presented both as citations  and as a summary of their value. The description acts to evaluate the source as a credible document. The purpose of the annotated bibliography is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited. Annotated bibliographies are different from abstracts, the latter being purely descriptive summaries found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles, while annotations are descriptive and require critical thinking. They may take into account the authors point of view, authority, and the place and time of their piece. How to Write an Annotated Bibliography Step 1.  Choose works that provide a balanced perspective on your topic. Step 2.  Locate and cite the books, periodicals, and documents about your topic. Step 3.  Cite the source using the appropriate style for your paper: MLA, APA or Chicago Manual Style. Step 4.  Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article. Include one or more sentences that accomplish one of the following: qualify the authority of the author; comment on who might gain from reading this source; compare the work to other work being cited; or, explain how this work enlightened you on your topic. Step 5.  Sign up today for the annotated bibliography writing service that will change the way you finish your school assignments. Sample MLA Annotation Greene, Robert. The 48 Laws of Power. Penguin Books, 2000. Greene offers honest advice on how to conduct ones life, according to the lessons we have learned from history, its rulers and their failures. Taking a sometimes fantastical approach to the realities of societal rules and norms, the chapters in Greenes book are wry and anecdotal and offer advice on everything from avoid the unhappy and the unlucky and mastering the art of timing. In the process, Greene includes interpretations of each law and examples of when the law was carried out in reverse to someones detriment. Greene offers sober, although harsh, advice for those struggling with ones imperfect journey with flawed peers, unfair laws, and conniving rivals. Rather than a practical handbook to how to live ones life, this text takes an honest perspective with advice that only those who truly need power will end up being able to implement in their life. However, there is still some useful tips that us every man and every woman can take. Chapters in this text lend themselves to being studied out of order, or as they become necessary in the readers life. Some of the chapters would even do well as part of a history course, or a section of a course, where students were learning about the human spirit and human folly. See also: MLA Essay Format with Example Sample APA Annotation Camron, J. (1992). The Artists Way. New York: Tarcher Putnam. In this workbook of nonfiction based on the writers creative journey, Cameron attempts to guide readers through the stages of reclaiming their inner artist and bringing more art into their lives. She does so by implementing the discipline of writing morning pages each day and by answering open-ended questions throughout to help the reader gauge where and why they may be stuck creatively. An experienced writer, Cameron is aware of the limitations of her experiment, and thats why she uses this book in tandem with live talks and workshops and encouraging fans of her work to meet where they live and help each other operate more like artists. The author is forthcoming about her past struggles with alcohol and the frustrations in her shortcomings as a poet to help ease the pretense that artists are artists and those who are not yet artists are on the outside looking in. Camerons book is completely inclusive and seems to embrace all who dare to discover their dormant inner artist. See also: APA Citation Machine Referencing Format Tool Sample Chicago Style Annotated Bibliography Schwabs book provides a thorough examination of the current state of Africas countries, communities, wars, resources, and leaders and how things came to be, from colonization until the new millennium. The author discusses relevant topics, such as war, cross-border conflict, ethnic conflict, despotic leadership, predatory regimes, and economic health. The book includes chapters on the slave trade, AIDS and poverty, globalization, and a question that asks if the continent will survive. This book could be read as part of a course but it appears the intention of the writer was to create a book for the interested layman to get a brief and terrifying history lesson. See also: Chicago Style Format with Example We hope, youve found these annotated bibliography samples helpful. Use them as the examples when composing your annotated bibliography. If you have no time for writing your APA annotated bibliography or MLA annotated bibliography, etc., you may order it online.  Place an order for annotated bibliography writing help, saying write me annotated bibliography, and we will deliver to you an expertly-presented piece. If you need any other writing services, feel free to contact our writers for assistance.

Study 4 - Nonprofit Fundraising Ethics Coursework

Study 4 - Nonprofit Fundraising Ethics - Coursework Example This can only be done under special circumstances. Even if the organizations have to apply the code of conduct in their activities, they do not have a right to question the origin of the money. Therefore, the organization should accept the money. But if the money that he or she is giving to the organization has been established that he acquired illegally, the organization should not accept the money. It makes no difference even if the person has served the jail sentence. Though this would be a good prove that the person is free to use his money. The information about the prospect’s husband illness should not be communicated to the volunteer. This is a personal arrangement and the prospect may be does not want the information to be distributed publicly. The fund raiser should first confirm from the prospect whether she wants the information known to the volunteer and the donor. Even if she is being helped, her right of privacy should not be violated. The fund raiser should act according to the prospect. The details of the prospect should not be recorded in the database of the organization. This is because this was a private discussion and if the wife of the husband needed help, she should have gone to the organization officially. These are private matters unless the owner wants to be exposed (Worth 2009). It is not ethical to tell the donor about the impending appointment if the owner of the organization wants to be considered alone and be given the donor. The owner of the organization should compete with other organizations for the donation from the donor. The owner should not use ‘back doors’ in order to get the donation. As the manager or the owner of the organization, I would accept the second room and name it. The owner is not obliged to tell the first donor about the arrangements that they made. This is because, it is a private issue and he has the authority to do whatever he wants with his rooms.