Daisy Bates Little Rock Arkansas Civil Rights Activist

Daisy Bates is known for her role in supporting the 1957 integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. The students who integrated Central High School are known as the  Little Rock Nine. She was a journalist,  journalist, newspaper publisher,  civil rights activist, and social reformer.  She lived from November 11, 1914 to November 4, 1999. Fast Facts: Daisy Bates Also Known As:  Daisy Lee Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson, Daisy Lee Gatson Bates, Daisy Gatson Bates.Born: November 11, 1914.Died: November 4, 1999.Known for: A journalist,  journalist, newspaper publisher,  civil rights activist, and social reformer known for her role in supporting the 1957 integration of Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.Family: Parents: Orlee and Susie Smith, Spouse: L. C. (Lucius Christopher) Bates: insurance agent and journalistEducation: Huttig, Arkansas, public schools (segregated system), Shorter College, Little Rock, Philander Smith College, Little Rock.Organizations and Affiliations: NAACP, Arkansas State Press.Religion: African Methodist Episcopal.Autobiography: The Long Shadow of Little Rock. Life and Overview Daisy Bates was raised in Huttig, Arkansas, by adoptive parents who had been close to her father, who left his family when his wife was murdered by three white men. In 1941, she married L. C. Bates, a friend of her father. L. C. was a journalist, though he worked selling insurance during the 1930s L. C. and Daisy Bates invested in a newspaper, the Arkansas State Press. In 1942, the paper reported on a local case where a black soldier, on leave from Camp Robinson, was shot by a local policeman. An advertising boycott nearly broke the paper, but a statewide circulation campaign increased the readership, and restored its financial viability. School Desegregation in Little Rock In 1952, Daisy Bates became the Arkansas branch president of the NAACP. In 1954, when the Supreme Court ruled racial segregation of schools was unconstitutional, Daisy Bates and others worked to figure out how to integrate the Little Rock Schools. Expecting more cooperation from the administration in integrating the schools than they found, the NAACP and Daisy Bates began working on various plans, and finally, in 1957, had settled on a basic tactic. Seventy-five African American students registered at Little Rocks Central High School. Of these, nine were chosen to actually be the first to integrate the school; they became known as the Little Rock Nine. Daisy Bates was instrumental in supporting these nine students in their action. In September of 1952, Arkansas governor Faubus arranged for the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the African American students from entering Central High School. In response to the action, and to protests of the action, President Eisenhower federalized the guard and sent in federal troops. On September 25, 1952, the nine students entered Central High amid angry protests. The next month, Daisy Bates and others were arrested for not turning over NAACP records. Though Daisy Bates was no longer an officer of the NAACP, she was fined; her conviction was eventually overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court. After the Little Rock Nine Daisy Bates and her husband continued to support the students who had integrated the high school, and endured personal harassment for their actions. By 1959, advertising boycotts led to closing their newspaper. Daisy Bates published her autobiography and account of the Little Rock Nine in 1962; former first lady Eleanor Roosevelt wrote the introduction. L.C. Bates worked for the NAACP from 1960-1971, and Daisy worked for the Democratic National Committee until she was forced to stop by a stroke in 1965. Daisy then worked on projects in Mitchellville, Arkansas, from 1966-1974. L. C. died in 1980, and Daisy Bates started the State Press newspaper again in 1984, as a part owner with two partners. In 1984, the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville awarded Daisy Bates an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. Her autobiography was reissued in 1984, and she retired in 1987. In 1996, she carried the Olympic torch in the Atlanta Olympics. Daisy Bates died in 1999.

Drug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes Essay - 1057 Words

Drug and Alcohol Use by Student Athletes The topic that I have chosen is student athletes use of drugs and alcohol. Im interested to see if the old theory that student athletes tend to stay away from these things still holds true today. From my own personal experience as a former high school and college football player, I doubt that this is true. Id also like to find some studies that may compare student athletes to the general student body to see if there is a correlation of usage between these two groups. With the many stories of athletes being arrested for alcohol and drug abuse, I feel this information may be helpful in setting up a drug prevention program at the high school or middle school level. Carr et al. (1990)†¦show more content†¦Shields (1998) study looked at the in-season and off-season use of alcohol by high school athletes and also compared it to a similar study done w/ the same population in 1988. Overall, athletes are using alcohol less both in and off-season in the current study compared to 1988. Also they used less alcohol during their in-season than off-season. It was found that white athletes are 2.5 times more likely to use alcohol both in and off-season compared to black athletes. Hayes and Tevis (1977) looked for significant differences or relationships between high school athletes and non-athletes with respect to drinking behaviors and attitudes about alcohol use and abuse. They found non-athletes used alcohol more and were more tolerant of others using it compared to athletes. Overall, males had a more tolerant attitude than females toward temperate and irresponsible use of alcohol. There seemed to be a correlation between attitudes of irre sponsible drinking and who drinks the most, being the more they drank the more tolerant their attitudes were. Overman and Terry (1991) compared the patterns of use and attitudes toward alcohol by college athletes and non-athletes. There was no significant difference between the drinking behaviors of athletes and non-athletes, though athletes did report drinking more beer. Athletes tended to limit drinking to weekends and special occasions, and seemed to think of it more as a celebration.Show MoreRelatedDrug and alcohol violations on college campuses1285 Words   |  6 Pagesmembers and Athlete students are involved with drugs and alcohol more than college students that are not part of Greek life or athletes. As of the peer pressure and the exposure exhibited in their surroundings does have an impact on their use of drugs and alcohol. For most students, they like to go to college to gain new opportunities to experience college life and to experiment with different things. 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Criminal Justice Application free essay sample

Learning Theories, Practical application in Criminal Justice High tech offenders can come in all different shapes and sizes, as well as flavors. You can have the guy who works as an accountant for a multi international corporation, that’s quietly syphoning money from various accounts into his own offshore retirement fund account. How about the local DMV employee Trish who’s submitting falsified information to get ID’s for various amounts of cash. For minors, illegal aliens, or say that Russian wet work team that snuck into the country and doesn’t have any identification but needs some with clean records attached, to keep local authorities away in case of any indiscretions that might happen like running a red light. Let’s not forget about little Barbra who graduated from a tech school as a computer systems analyst, who pays for her lavish lifestyle by hacking into people’s personal computers and stealing all their personal information. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice Application or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So she can drain their bank accounts, and get credit cards in their names to pay for anything and everything she desires. Each of these criminals has some reason and explanation behind why they ended up committing such crimes. Three theories I have chosen to explain their actions are the Learning Theory, Differential Identification Theory, and the Attachment theory. The learning theory says that criminal behavior comes about through the acquisition of norms, values, and patterns of behaviors conducive to crime. Also stating that criminal behavior is not an innate characteristic in any given individual but a product of the social environment. This theory can best explain the actions of the corrupt account. Say for instance the accountant had a great childhood and young adult life, never got into trouble at school or with the law, had impeccable grades, and was a very honest person. Such an upbringing doesn’t generate a criminal. However if when this individual was struggling midway through his accounting degree in college and started associating with people who was cheating their way through school, through this association the well brought up individual became swayed and accepting of dishonest behavior, first step in the criminal direction. The second step being that when he went over the files of his predecessor in the company, he found subtle bits of information the showed money had been syphoned. Curious about the information he speaks with his predecessor and learns about what was going on and is eager to learn how he can do the same, seeing as how the company pays decent but not enough to support his needs and wants in life. The differential identification theory can relate to the crooked dmv clerk. In theory, one will identify themself with another person, the identification with that person, or an abstract understanding of what that person might be like, can be more important then actual association with a real person. The dmv clerk, Trish, may be going through a financially hard time due to a down economy, or just plain greedy. Trish happens to be a big fan of a popular television, were the lead female character lives a dream lifestyle in her personal life due to her illegal under the table dealings in her day time job, that tend to be very profitable. The clerk looks at the fiction character as a role model, and identifies with her. Sparking the desire to be just like her, leading to her illegal dealings at the dmv. Lastly is the Attachment Theory, a perspective on criminal behavior that holds that the successful development of secure attachment between a child and its primary caregiver, lays the foundation for all future psychological development. Barbra, our computer hacking, and identity stealing/cloning individual just so happened to be an adapted child. Consequently her adaptive parents when through a divorce when she was 4. So, her father, who was rarely around, raised her souly and when he was he was abusive. They didn’t have much since her father spent most of the money on computer equipment or in the bars. His only positive influence was teaching her all about computers and programing. This foundation was in accordance to the attachment theory, the leading factor in Barbra’s criminal activity as an adult.

The Body Mass Index Essay Example

The Body Mass Index Paper The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a ratio between the height and weight of a person, calculated by the weight of the person (in kilograms) by their height squared (in metres). Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) is considered to be the factor that signals female fertility and health. This is because healthy, premenstrual women deposit fat on their lower body parts resulting in a feminine characteristic, whereas males deposit fat on their upper body parts. When considering the influence of WHR, alone, on attractiveness lower values of the WHR are considered to be more attractive, with values between 0.6-0. 7 being maximally attractive. Attractiveness is not only based upon the WHR but also on the BMI. Females with very low BMI values (underweight) and very high BMI values (overweight) are considered to be unattractive, with the middle of the BMI value range considered to be attractive and healthy. However, it is that influences of both these factors have upon the perception of attractiveness that has lead to research. Many experiments have been conducted in order to understand which of these two contributing factors are more important in the perception of female attractiveness. Findings by Devendra Singh (1994) conclude that both men and women judged heavier female images with low WHRs as more attractive and healthier than thinner images with higher WHRs. These results show that both the WHR and BMI are considerable contributing factors to the perception of attractiveness. The ideal image has stemmed many other research ideas and it has been found that women chose thin female figures as ideal and perceive their own figure as fatter than the ideal (Fallon and Rozin 1985, cited in Singh 1994). We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Body Mass Index specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also, women choose their ideal figure to be much thinner than what they believe to be mens perception of attractive (Fallon and Rozin 1985, cited in Singh 1994). Studies have lead to the assumption that the WHR and BMI influence different aspects of images that all amalgamate into the perception of how attractive that image is. BMI seems to be more influential in the perception of youthfulness (Singh 1994) and studies have found that WHR could be related to fertility and the tendency to give birth to males, rather than females (Tovee Cornelissen, 1999). Previous studies have indicated that the BMI is the more influential factor in the perception of attractiveness accounting for more than 70% of the multiple regression analysis where WHR accounts for just 2%. This would suggest that the result of this experiment would be similar and that BMI is the more important contributing factor. However, as mentioned previously, Singh (1994) concluded that women judge perception of attractiveness taking into account the WHR more than the BMI. It has been suggested that in modern society a premium has been placed on thinness and thus it has resulted in the general assumption that thin is attractive. This has certainly been the case in more Westernized civilisations where low WHR is preferred. However, in more traditional societies a higher WHR is preferred as higher WHR is related to the reproduction of sons. So, in societies that value sons over daughters a more tubular shaped women is preferred. This may also be due to the medias representation of attractive, which in many societies is thin, thus partly explaining the obsession with dieting and the struggle to become thin. This brings notice to the problems of eating disorders and how they affect an individuals perception of attractiveness. Morris et al (1989) found that over a 20 year period (1959-1978) the weight of Miss America Pageant contestants and Playboy centrefolds significantly decreased. However, it was also found that average waist size increased and bust and hip size decreased, resulting in a more tubular shaped woman. The overall conclusion was that over the last three decades a significant change in the idealized female body shape has occurred. However, later studies showed that Morris et al results were inaccurate and that when the actual WHRs were computed they remained within a feminine 0. 68-0. 72 range thus, clearly showing that the subjects were not becoming a more tubular shape (Singh 1994). Hypothesis: BMI will be significantly more important than WHR in determining the attractiveness of a female body. Null Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference between the BMI and WHR in determining the attractiveness of the female body Method Apparatus: The only apparatus involved was the actual computer programme. The computer programme involved a number of images of the shape of the female body. These images were in black and white and the figure wore a skin tight leotard. The faces were blurred out so there was no bias in the attractiveness of the facial features. Subjects: The entire psychology class took place in the experiment. The gender of the group was mixed. Although a large proportion of the class was female. The age of the stage two students was predominantly between 19-22 years of age. They were nai ve in the intended outcome of the study at this point. Procedure: The Body Mass Index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio were being investigated. The subjects were presented with a series of 50 female images in front view on a VDU screen. The images varied in Body Mass Index and in waist-to-hip ratio. The subjects were then asked to rate each image on a scale of 0-9, typing their rating into the computer. The first time the subjects went through a practice run so that they could gage their general idea for the ratings. The second time the results were counted and saved, and pooled together with the rest of the classs results.